This circuit is designed with an operational amplifier (op-amp) and a switch, allowing the signal phase to either be inverted or remain unchanged as it passes through the circuit. In other words, the output signal can be 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal (inverted) or 0 degre…
This circuit is designed with an operational amplifier (op-amp) and a switch, allowing the signal phase to either be inverted or remain unchanged as it passes through the circuit. In other words, the output signal can be 180 degrees out of phase wit…
Tin-plating is a crucial process in the production of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) . It helps protect the copper surface from oxidation and enhances solderability. While not mandatory for every project, tin-plating significantly improves the qualit…
After successfully tin-plating your PCB explained in the previous DIY Tin-Plating for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) , the next essential step in the DIY PCB fabrication process is drilling through-holes, adding vias, and shaping the board to its f…
So, I had this idea for an automatic light controller using an Arduino and an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) to turn on a light whenever someone crosses a certain distance. The idea was pretty simple: you walk near the sensor, and it detects your pr…
When it comes to designing and manufacturing custom Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) at home, etching is one of the most crucial steps in the process. Etching involves selectively removing unwanted copper from the board to create the desired circuitry…
I had a 6V 4.5Ah Sealed Lead Acid rechargeable battery lying around for sometime now.I don't remember from where I got this but ever since I saw it I wanted to build a charger for it. I was working on learning power supply circuits such as serie…
Designing and testing various power supplies circuit can be helpful in more complicated circuit design or lower the cost of the power supply. For example we showed how Arduino or any small microcontrollor board or circuit can be powered with a low …
Previously I had simulated and discussed many voltage supply circuits, shunt and series voltage regulator made up of transistors, diodes and operational amplifiers. Power supply are required in any electronics system and basic understanding of them…
In the world of electronics and systems control, temperature management is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and longevity of electronic components. Whether you're cooling down a computer, controlling a robotic system, or fine-tuning an I…
